Coinsurance penalty
Did-vs-should ratio and penalized payable.
Did-vs-should ratio and penalized payable.
Check a coinsurance clause the way the formula actually works. Enter the property's value at loss, the coinsurance percentage, the limit carried, and the loss, and you get the required insurance amount, the did-versus-should ratio, and the penalized payable next to what a compliant policy would have paid — the penalty in dollars, not abstractions. Reach for it on commercial and dwelling-fire files whenever the limit looks thin against the building's value and you need to show the insured exactly what underinsurance costs.
A coinsurance clause requires the policy limit to be at least a set percentage — commonly 80, 90, or 100 — of the property's value at the time of loss. Carry less and partial losses are penalized by the ratio of what you did carry to what you should have: payable = (did ÷ should) × loss, less the deductible, capped at the limit. A $400,000 building at 80% coinsurance requires $320,000; carrying $240,000 makes the ratio 75%, so a $100,000 loss pays roughly $75,000 before deductible. Agreed-value endorsements suspend the clause — always check the declarations before applying the penalty.
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Divide the limit the insured carried by the limit the clause required — the coinsurance percentage times the property's value at loss — then multiply the loss by that ratio and subtract the deductible, capping the result at the policy limit. Carrying $240,000 where $320,000 was required makes the ratio 75%, so a $100,000 loss pays about $75,000 less the deductible. The penalty is the gap between that and what full compliance would have paid.
It means the policy limit must equal at least 80% of the property's insurable value at the time of loss for partial losses to pay in full. It is not a copay and doesn't split costs with the insured on a compliant policy — it only bites when the building is underinsured. Value is measured on the policy's valuation basis, RCV or ACV, at the loss date, which is why inflation and construction-cost spikes quietly create coinsurance problems on limits that were fine at binding.
The formula technically applies, but on a total loss the payable is capped at the policy limit anyway, so the penalty usually has no extra effect — an underinsured total loss already pays out the full (inadequate) limit. Coinsurance does its damage on partial losses, where the ratio cuts a payment the limit would otherwise have covered. That's also why agreed-value endorsements, which suspend the clause, matter most to insureds with realistic partial-loss exposure.
RCV → ACV → first check → depreciation check.
% of Coverage A → dollars out of pocket.
Compute recoverable depreciation.
10-and-10 math plus the three-trades test.